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DevSecOps流程解析——安全测试未来发展大趋势

DevSecOps最佳实践的流程图

上面这个图就是本文重点要跟大家分享的DevSecOps最佳实践的流程图,也就是如何把应用安全很好地嵌入到我们的整个流程里面去。


首先,在开发的这个闭环中,开发人员在IDE开发代码的同时,我们就可以将应用安全测试嵌到开发工具里。具体例子,比如说我们在eclipse上,通过安全工具的插件,把安全审计的功能嵌入进去。


IDE里就多了一些菜单和选项,能够让我们在开发的时候就可以做相应的安全的检查。这样的检查是自查,这时候开发人员并没有提交代码。


当然这里也涉及到企业文化,比如开发人员说“我没空去做检查,我的职责是实现软件功能,我可能没有时间和精力去做安全测试”。这时候应该怎么办呢?我们还有一些插件是可以实时检测的,就是每写一行,就同步告诉你,你写的这一行有没有安全问题。


不需要开发人员再花时间去做安全测试,而是实时地去检查代码。我们可以称之为“安全小助手”,帮助我们做代码的检查。当然最好还是做全面的检查,去做安全测试,当然要花一些时间,比如可能我们需要在下班的时候开启一个扫描,第二天上班的时候再去看扫描结果。

代码提交到仓库之后,这个时候,我们需要通过Jenkins去做CI/CD了,在这个时候去做安全测试也是非常好的。因为这个时候我们已经形成一个版本了,模块也已经完成了,可以把完整的项目代码拉出来,做一个完整的、全面的安全扫描测试。


这一部分在我们的用户实践里面是最广泛的,比开发人员自查自检要广泛。因为很难保障开发人员自己去检查自己的问题,因为没有一个机制强迫开发人员去做这个事情。但是在CI/CD阶段,流程里肯定是要加这个环节,这是必须要做的一件事情。


测试完成之后,我们的测试结果要自动传到可视化的漏洞安全管理平台上去,我们需要将测试结果可视化,而且需要很方便就可以看到。而且也可以通过专门的相关的人员,如审计员,去把这些测试结果里面确定的bug,提交到Jira这类缺陷管理平台里面,做跟踪和管理。直到开发人员把这些问题修复掉,bug关掉了就算结束了。


我们在下一轮再去做扫描,验证是不是已经被修复了,再做一次测试。而且这种上线之前的自动化测试不仅仅是针对源代码的安全测试,还可以模拟黑客,对web应用做漏洞扫描。


这一点也是目前比较新的理念,大家对黑盒测试的理解往往是上线之前最后阶段才测,但是我们建议在CI/CD阶段应用发布的时候就可以去做一次模拟黑客的web漏洞扫描了,这是可以做到的。我们后面也会讲到,黑盒测试是可以再左移到CI/CD阶段的。

然后在问题修复完成之后,才能保证上线。上线之后,在生产环境中,我们的安全防护也是必不可少。当然,我们现在更多的是部署WAF、web应用防火墙这种边界的防御。但是未来的大方向我觉得还是RAST技术,应用的自我防御。因为WAF产品毕竟是网络边界产品,有很多威胁防御不了、发现不了。从应用本身内部去发现和监控问题,这一定是未来一个大的方向和趋势。