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自动化测试框架怎么选?Robot Framework怎么搭建环境?

本系列文章跟大家分享的内容是Robot Framework从入门到实践的整个过程,首先会简单为大家介绍一下自动化测试框架,包括框架选择、环境搭建、接口自动化等,最后会带大家实际操作一遍,本文我们主要为大家介绍自动化测试框架的不同以及Robot Framework的环境搭建。


首先简单介绍一下,为什么要做自动化测试?我总结了3点:

1.减少人力成本自动化测试可以更好地利用无人值守的时间,去更频繁地执行测试。


2.完成大量重复性工作自动化测试可以替代大量重复性操作,可以把更多的时间花在更全面的用例设计和新功能的测试上。


3.提高测试效率自动化测试可以大幅提升回归测试的效率,包括对E2E用例的观察。

 

自动化测试框架选型


接下来我们一起来分析一下市面上比较流行的自动化测试框架。

自动化测试框架

(可以私信获取公益直播回放链接,查看详细解说)


下面我们一起看一下Robot Framework环境搭建的过程。

Robot Framework自动化测试环境搭建过程

因为Robot Framework是基于python的,所以首先要安装python的环境,需要安装3.7及以下版本,因为我们在实践中发现Robot Framework对3.8及以上版本的兼容性有问题。


第二步,安装Robot Framework框架,通过pip去安装就可以,它是python自带的安装软件包的命令。

第三步,安装wxpython,图形化的界面是基于wxpython的,所以要安装一下wxpython。


最后,安装robotframework-ride,这个ride就是Robot Framework编写用例的图形化界面。


装完环境之后,我们还需要装一些依赖。

自动化测试常用接口

我们常用的接口依赖有以下这四个:requests库、RequestLibrary (封装的http)、 DatabaseLibrary(操作数据库)、RedisLibrary(操作redis),都是在Robot Framework中直接导入库名就可以了。


大家可以看到,这些常用的依赖都有非常丰富的第三方依赖库去帮助我们使用的。接下来我们一起来看一下UI相关的依赖。

自动化测试

根据浏览器不同,需要选择对应的浏览器驱动,选择浏览器驱动时要对应浏览器版本,我们常用的一般有火狐、Chrome和微软的Edge。


1)Mozilla GeckoDriver(Firefox) https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases 

2)Google Chrome Driver https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/ https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html?path=2.28/

3)Microsoft Edge Driver(IE) https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/ 

 

与此同时我们还需要安装Selenium2Library库也是直接导入库名Selenium2Library就可以了。


下面简单给大家讲一下导入Robot Framewor库的步骤,在后面带大家实战演练的过程中也会使用到。

在下图的右侧,我们可以看到有一个Library按钮,点击之后,会弹出下图所示的框,需要我们输入要导入的库名。库名的输入要正确,需要区分大小写。点击OK之后,如果字体是黑色的,说明导入成功。如果字体是红色的,需要排查一下是依赖的问题,还是我们输入的问题。

自动化测试

导入之后,我们可以查看一下,我们导入的关键字有哪些。快捷键是F5,当我们按F5之后,会弹出如下图所示的提示框,可以查阅关键字。

接口自动化测试

接下来我们讲一下目录层级结构。最外层是项目名称,二级目录是TestSuit测试套件,也就是我们所说的测试用例,测试用例下面又分了接口、UI等。再往下就是Keyword(关键字),再往下还有一些我们用例中可能会用到的参数。

自动化测试目录级结构

自动化测试用例

前面为大家讲了一些依赖的安装、环境的安装,这里我们也为大家整理了一份安装的说明,有需要的朋友可以私信获取。也可以私信获取直播回放链接,查看详细解说。

自动化测试工具安装说明

后面的文章会继续为大家介绍Robot Framework命令以及接口自动化测试案例等内容,欢迎大家继续关注。